parker



(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

O.PARKER.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING ICE.

No. 255,660. Patented Mar. 28,1882.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR:

w W/j ATTORNEYS.

N. PETERS, Plumb-Lithographer. Washington. D. c.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

O. PARKER.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING IGE. No. 255,660. Pa Mar. 28,1882.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR ATTORNEYS.

n, Farms,- Phololilhcgnphar. Washmghm. 0:0.

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

So Model.)

. 0. PARKER;

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING 10E. 7

No. 255,660. Patented Mar. 28,1882.

M SQ. m

. @ES Q INVENTOR:

ATTORNEg WITNESSES (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4. 0. PARKER.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING ICE.

Patented Mar. 28, 1882.

I INFTOR:

ATTORNEYS.

, N, PETERS. PhMO-Lilhcgnphur. wzmin mn. n. cy

(No Model.) 5 Sheets- -Sheet 5.

v 0. PARKER. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING ICE.

No. 255,660 Patented Mar. 28,1882.

ATTORNEYS.

n. rams. PhotuLillwgnphu. Washinglun. u, c.

" NITED STATES PATENT CE" .1m PARKER, or wAsHtNeTon, DISTRICT orCOLUMBIA;

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING ,IC E.

H SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 255,660, dated March28, 1882.

Application filed July 30, 1881. (N0 model.)

To all whom it may concern Be itknown that I, ORIN PARKER, 0t Waslington city, District of Columbia, have in vented a new and ImprovedMethod and Appart of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a generalview, showing the position-of my apparatus at the foot of a hill, towhich point a head of water is conducted from a stream at the top: Fig.2 is an enlarged sectional view, showing the construction andarrangement of the air-compressing and heateliminating devices. Fig. 3is a vertical sectional view through the building in which the ice ismade, the said view showing the relation 1 of the air-compressingdevices, the air-refrigcrating chamber, the freezing-compartment, andthe water-cooling tank, the one being placed above the other. Fig tis aperspective view, showinga modification of that part I of my inventionused for refrigerating the'compressed air. Fig. 5 is an enlarged detailview of the valve controlling the discharge'of water from thecompression-chambers, the view he ing taken on the section-line w x ofFig. 2.

I My invention relates to certain improvements inthe manufactureof iceupon the general plan of compressing atmospheric air, eliminating theheat thus generated, and then allowing the air' to expand in'afreezing-chainher to produce the required degree of cold, and for'thispurpose it contemplates the utilization of a'hydraulic motor operated bya high head ofwater for thepurpose of compressing theair.

The invention consists principally in eom- 1 pressing the air by thedirect contact, dynamic a: My'invention also force,"'and hydrostaticpressure ofthe head of running water, and sim ultaneously eliminatingthe heat thus generated by the same flowing current. 9 i 1 consists. inother adjuncts' to this general process, and also, further, in thenovelconstructiou of the apparatus for'carry ing out my invention,aswill be here inafter fully described, and pointed out in the claims."I i l n the-drawings, Fig. 1, A represents an in; elinied conduit,1pipe,or pe'nstock leading from a watersupply at the top of a hill to myapparatus, which is placed at the foot of the hill. This apparatusconsists essentially oflan' air: compressor, B, in which air iscompressed by the directaction and dynamic force of the water and theheat of the compressed air simultaneously taken away. Over this isafreezing'room, O, in which the air which has been compressed and cooledis allowed to expand and freeze the pans of water, and above this T] awater cooler, D, in which the water is con: tained that is to beintroduced into the freez; ing-room, and which water is preliminarilychilled by the cold currents escapingt'romtthe freezing-room. This isall the apparatus that 2. 1 use when a sufficiently high head/of wateris available; but when the head islimited, but the supply greater, thenI introduce between the air-compressor audthe freezing-room anair-refrigerating device for further lowering the temperature of the-airbefore allowingit to expand, as will be explained farther along in itsproper connection.

I will first describe the construction, an 7 r'angement, and mode ofoperationof the air"- compressor and cooler. 1

Referring to Fig. 2, the penstocklAconnects with a valve-chamber,E,'which in its bottom has a slide-valve, F, that directs the wateralternately through the branched pipes G G to the two receivers orair-compressin g chambers H H, the water passing alternately intothesetwo receivers and compressing the airrin. a cushion above it, andforcing it tothc pointof utilization, and the water then passing out at*T. the bottom of the receiver by the opening of a valve by a float, andfilling the receiverwith a fresh charge of air drawn throughaninwardly-opening valve preparatory to compressing 0 it by the nextinflowof water into this receiver. This arrangement of two receivers.filledsafternately by a head of water to compress theair and emptied bythe alternate 'worki'ng ofithe valves by floats has heretofore been madeuse 9 5 of as an aincompressor, and I do-not claim this broadly;

The valv'eF for directing the current from the penstock alternately tothe two receivers I prefer to make of the sliding pattern adapt: 10o edto cover the transverse area of one of the 5: pipes'G G and registeringalternately with,

f the same. For operating this valve I form yokes or slots in theextensions of the same outside of the valve-chamber and on each side ofthe same, and place within the yokes triangular rising and falling camsI 1, arranged for alternate operation. The left-hand one of these cams,I, is carried by a rod, J, loosely connected with a lever, L, t'ulcrumedat K, which latter is connected to arod, M, geared to the walking-beamI, both the rods M and J being guided in tubular or other form of guidesO at their lower ends. The other cam, I, on the light of valve F iscarried by a corresponding rod, J, conm cted to a lever, L, fulcrumed atK, which latter is connected to arod, M, that is geared to anotherwalking-beam, N, arranged beside the first beam, P, and upon the sameaxis, and these rods a so have the same guides at their lower ends. Uponthe outer ends of each of these walking-beamsNand P is mounted a table,Q Q, carried by rods R R, which are loosely connected with thewalking-beams, and are guided in tubular guides S S below. These tablesQ Q rest respectively beneath the discharge-orifices from the tworeceivers H H, and their function is to receive the impact of the waterthere discharged for the purpose of tilting the walking-beams andoperat-- ing the valves, the tables being forced down by the fall of thewater upon the same to move the valves, and being raised again when thewater is out by the counter-weightsT T. As the water is discharged fromthe bottom of the receivers the latter are filled with air automatically through valves U U. These valves are of apeculiar form-t. 6.,they arehinged at a point remote from the valve-seat and verticallyabove the same, so that it swings open upon .the slightest suction anduncovers the whole of the valve-seat, giving a full ingress for the air.As the air is compressed in the receivers by the direct contact anddynamic force of the water it is forced into the domes V, and passesthence down pipes W W to coils X X, which occupy a part of the space ineach receiver, and thence passes out to the point where the compressedair is to be utilized. This forcing of the air through a coil immersedin the water by which it was compressed is a prominent feature of myinvention,iin that it affords at the same time means for compressing theair and eliminating the heat incident to that compression, whichlatterit is necessary to do in order to get any useful effect from itssubsequent expansion, and a meritorlous structure of my apparatus 'inthis connection is that these cooling-coils are located in the samereceivers where the compression is effected, thus economizing space,

rectly above a relatively smalloopening in B and both of which slideover a large dischargeorifice, (shown in dotted lines,) of one footdiameter, say, in the bottom of the drum of each receiver. A is carriedby a yoke-frame, G which extends through stuffing-boxes in thewalls ofthe drums at the bottom of the receivers. B is also carried by ayoke-frame, D which is extended through the opposite wall of the drum inthe form of a slotted arm, E The object in constructing this valve of acompound character, as described, is as follows: This valve is primarilyoperated by a float in the cylinder, which is raised by the water, and,as there is great hydrostatic pressure against the valve A in the bottomof the receiver, it is not possible to move the main valve by anyavailable float. duce the work which the float has to do by putting arelatively small valve, B over the opening in valve A and this smallvalve l connect by a cord, a, passing around pulley d with the stem ofthe float, so that the float only has to uncover the opening throughvalve A which action starts a high-pressure stream of water through thebottom of the receiver upon table Q, which gives movement to thewalking-beam and enables the latter to then open the main valve A andallow the full volume of discharge to take place. Another importantfunction which this supplemental valve B has is to cause thedischarge-valve A and inlet-valve F to make a complete andcontemporaneous stroke, thus avoiding the halfopening of the one andhalf closing of the other, which would simply allow the water to runthrough the receiver and render it inoperative.

For operating the main valve two triangular cams, F G (see Fig. 2,) arearranged upon rods H 1 guided in tubes below and connected respectivelywith the ends of the two walkingbeams N and P. One of these cams, Fbears against the yoke-frame O of the main valve (see Fig. 5) to pull itin one direction to open the valve A and the other, G acts both in theslot of the arm E of the small valve B and against the other end of theyoke C, to first draw the small valve B over the opening in valve A andthen drag the valves A and B together over the large discharge-openingin the bottom of the drum, the said two cams acting thus alternately. Inarranging the two valves B and A with respect to cam G the latter mayact first in the slotted arm E and then drag the main valve by causingarm. E to abut against the frame as shown in Fig. 5; or cam Gr may havean independent bearing both in the arm E and against the frame 0 asshown in Fig. 2, in which case stops 0 (see Fig. 5) are used to definethe movement of valve 13 over A 7 In arranging the float which opens thevalve B I find that if it be placed in the receiver itself, in order tobe made of suificient effective size and to have the requisite movement,it involves an air-cushion in the top of the re- I thereforereceiver,which defeats the positive action of the apparatusincompressing the air, for when the water is discharged this air-cushionsimply expands again instead of beingforced to the point of utilizationand allowing a fresh charge to be received through valve U. To remedythis difficulty I place the float J in the dome V at the top of thereceiver, (see Fig. 2,) and between the dome and the receiverI place theupwardly-opening valves ff, while the pipe W, which transfers thecompressed air to the coil X, I run to the top of this dome, so as totake off the air at this point. Now, when the water rises in thereceiver it forces all the air out of the receiver into the dome, andthe water, following into the dome through valves f, lifts the float.water commences to be discharged from the receiver the, valves f f closeand the air in the dome is not allowed to expandinto the receiv er, buta fresh charge is taken in through inletvalve U. It will be seen that inorder to lift the floata quantity of water must have passed into thedome V; and as the valvesfare immediately closed this water would betrapped in the dome and prevent the float from descending again andgiving the requisite slack to cord 0 to permit initial valve B to bedrawn back again by cam G To obviate this objection this water in thedome is vented outwardly through a plug valve or cock, 9, connectedthrough arm 71. and link t with the floatstem, which parts are sorelatively arranged that just as the float commences to rise the cook orplug-valveg is opened, and the water which is subsequently trapped inthe lower part of the dome by the closing of valvefis cxpulsively drivenout by the tension .of the air-cushion above, thus allowing the float tosettle to the required position for further action. This ventage ofwater at this point is so relatively small that it does not affect theother operations; and as the pipe 9 is always below the waterline whileopen, no air is allowed to escape.

The stemj of the float J is held in suitable guides, 70, to keep itinposition.

In compressing air in accordance with my invention with a direct contactof water the air will be more orless laden with moisture, and when theair is cooled such moisture will condense. In order to get rid of thiscondensation before the air is chilled to the freezingpoint, thiswater'of condensation is trapped between the outlet-pipe K from the coilX and the pipe L leading to the freezing-room. For this purpose I placea leg, M at the bend between pipes K and L in which I place twoplug-valves or cocks, l m, the openings of which are so relativelyarranged that the top one is closed when the lower one is open, and viceversa. These valveshave arms a 0, which are loosely connected withconnecting-rods p or other equivalent connection with the walking-beam.Now, when the air is being forced out of the coils X and up pipe L theupper valve, '1, is open and the lower one closed, and

Then as soon as thewaterof condensation is caught between the two valveslm. Then, when. the next movement takes place and the water is beingdischarged from the receivers, the top valve, 1, is closed by thewalking-beam and the lower one, m, opened, allowing the trapped water tobe discharged. This action being repeated at every stroke, most, if notall, of the objectionable humidity of the air is eliminated.

Of all the apparatus which I have thus described for one of thereceivers a duplicate set is provided for the other, working alternatelyin the same manner. 1

To increase the effect of the air-compressin g devices, I introduce intothe penstock A a proportion of air, which is carried into the receiv}ers with'the waterand isthere separated. For this purpose an air-nozzle,N (see Fig. 2,) is carried into the penstock and provided with aninwardly-opening valve, which permits, when a certain velocity isattained by the water in the penstock, air to be drawn in by induction,the valve serving to prevent the water from passing out at this pointwhenever the flow of 0 water is discontinued. By this means the usefuleffect of the air-compressor is ve'rymate rially increased and the air tcompressed and cooled at the same time'that it is taken in. Inconnection with this principle of theinduction of air by afiowing headof water, Iwould state that I do not claim it broadly, asitis the well"known principle of the tromp. When, however, it is used in connectionwith my principle of compressing a separate body of air by the directcontact and dynamic force of water it has special value, for that bodyof air which is being intermittently compressed in. the receivers islimited to the capacity of the receivers. By inducing'air along with themotive head of water I not only efl'ect at each movement the compressionof a volume of air equal to the capacity of that receiver; but thisvolmm is augmented by the .air brought in by induction, which, when oncein the receiver, separates from the water and mingles with the otherbody of air taken in through valves U U.

I will now proceed to describe that part of,

more particularly to Fig. 3 of the drawings,

Whenever, as before stated, the head of water 7 is sufficient] y high tocompress the air to a sufficient amount, the air, after it leaves theaircompressors through pipes L, is allowed to expand through apressure-regulator directly into the freezing-room O to produce the coldto freeze the pans of water placed therein. If, however, the head ofwater is limited, but the quantity unlimited, as is frequently the case,I use a portion of the volume of the weakly-' compressed air to cool theother portion pre paratory to expanding itin the freezing-chamher. Justbeneath the freezingroom I place a tank, M, filled with brine or otherliquid not congealable at 32. In this tank and im mersed in the brine isan expansionchamber,"

N into which the pipe L from one of the aircompressors enters and opensthrough a pressure -regulator, 7. By the expansion of the air from pipeL into this chamber N a con- .siderable degree of cold is produced andthe brine also rendered cold. About the chamber and immersed in thebrine is a set of pipes, through which the compressed air from the otherpipe, L of the other air-compressor is made to pass. By this means onlya portion of the air compressed is made available in the freezing-room;but that quantity, being greatly reduced in temperature while in a stateof compression, produces a very much lower temperature inthefreezing-room when allowed to expand therein through thepressure-regulator s.

As a modification of this feature I may arrange, in connection with eachone of the pipes L leading from the air-compressor, a tank, P, as shownin Fig. 4; In this tank are a series of partitions, formingcompartments, in each of which compartments is a coil of pipes, Rconnected together for a continuous passage through them all. Each ofthese coils has, however, a vent-orifice and valve, S through which aportion of the compressed air is allowed to escape about the coils, sothat a part of the volume of air going into the first coil, in expandingabout the coils of the lirsttcompartment, chills the coils and reducesthe tem= perature of the compressed air therein, and

this compressed air of lower temperature, pass of the compressed air isutilized by expansion to cool the remaining quantity, whoseeffectiveness forice-makin gis thereby greatlyenhanced;

I am aware that in the Windhausen patent (Reissue No. 4,603)'asomewhatanalogous principle is made use of. In that case, however, thecold air is expanded in one chamber, (the cylinder,) and then forcedmechanically by the reverse movement of the piston to circulate aboutthe pipes through which the compressed air is flowing, and the same bodyof air is used over and over again. In my case a portion of thecooled'and compressed air is expanded in theimmediate presence of theremaining portion to further reduce the temperature of the latter, bywhich method the cold is produced just when it is needed, and the airwhich is thus expanded,instead of being returned through the machine, isdissipated as waste, my apparatus being adapted to such extensive andeconoinic working as to permit of this waste without materiallyafiecting its general efficiency.

In order that I may economize temperature as far as possible, I conservethe low temperature of the waste air which escapes constantly from thefreezing-room by passing it through a coil, 0 (seeFig,3,)immersedinatank above the freezing-room, in which tank is contained the water fromwhich the pans in the freezingroomare filled, thus enabling me to morequickly reduce the temperature of the water in the freezing-room to thefreezing-point.

A meritorious feature of the apparatus is that all the valves exceptthat for ingress of air and for egress of trapped water from'dome arewater-sealed when closed, and the two excepted are so sealed during apart of the time.

In carrying out my invention, also, the air may be expanded in coils inafreezing-bath in freeziug-roomlas well as in open room, and,furthermore, the compressed air may be cooled in coils outside thereceiver bysame water which effected its compression.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is- 1. Themethodof making ice which consists in compressing air by the direct contact,hydrostatic pressure, and dynamic force, of running water, andsimultaneously eliminatingthe heatthus generated by the saidpassingcurrent of water, and subsequently allowing the air to expand toeffect the reduction in temperature, substantially as described.

' 2. The method of reducing the temperature of compressed air whichconsists in allowing a portion of said compressed air to expand in theimmediate presence of the rest of the compressed air, and then bedissipated or allowed to escape as waste, substantially as described.

3. The method of compressing air in a hydraulic ice-machine whichconsists in introducing a quantity of air with a head of water andutilizing this head of water to displace and compress another body ofair in a closed chamber, while the induced portion of air is at the sametime being eliminated from the air in said chamber to augment thequantity of compressed air, as described.

4:. The method of makingice which consists in expanding a portion ofcompressed air to reduce the temperature of the remaining compressedair, then using this compressed air of reduced temperature by expansionin a freezing-room to freeze the Water, and utilizing the air escapingfrom the freezing-room to chill the water before being admitted to thepans, as described.

5. A receptacle for compressing air by displacement with water, combinedwith a conduit or coil for the compressed air, located within thereceptacle and opening in the top of the same, whereby the heat iseliminated in the same receptacle in which it was generated, asdescribed. Y

' 6. The combination of a receptacle for compressingair by thedirectdisplacementof water, a dome provided with valves opening into thesame, and a float arranged in the dome and connected with thewater-discharge valve of the main receptacle, as described.

7. The combination, with the dome V, the receiver H, and valves f, ofthe float J and rod j, and the plug-valve 9, rod 2', and arm h, as andfor the purpose described.

8. The combination, with the receivers H,

of the air-inlet valve U, hinged directly above and at a point remotefrom its seat, as and for the purpose described.

9. The combination, with two receivers, H H, with floats and valves, anda valve, F, directing the flow alternately to the receiver, asdescribed, of one or more walking-beams provided with tables Q toreceive the impact of the discharged water and operate the valves,substantially as described.

10. The combination, with the air-eduotion pipe from the receivers, ofthe water-trap 00111- posed of leg M having valves 1 and m, and aconnection with the walking-beam, arranged, as described, to keep one ofthese valves open and the other shut alternately, as described.

11. The combination, with the receiver, its float, and the walking-beam,of the compound outlet-valve, consisting of a main valve con nected toand operated by the walking-beam and a supplemental or initial valveconnected with and operated by the float, as described.

a compressed-air pipe opening into an expan- 5 sion-chamloer through apressure-valve, and another compressed-air pipe arranged in proximity tothe said expansion-chamber, and then opening through a pressure 1 valveinto the freezing-room, substantially as described.

ORIN PARKER. Witnesses:

CHAS. W. HANDY, SoLoN G. KEMON.

